ci: parallelize cached artifact delivery

.gitea/actions/quickstack-oci/action.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,14 @@ inputs:
     description: Path to the repository deployment manifest.
     required: false
     default: .quickstack/deploy.json
+  mode:
+    description: Execute the complete action, one artifact build slot or only the deployment coordinator.
+    required: false
+    default: all
+  artifact-index:
+    description: Zero-based artifact index used when mode is build.
+    required: false
+    default: "0"
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
@@ -12,4 +20,6 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
       env:
         QUICKSTACK_DEPLOY_CONFIG: ${{ inputs.config-path }}
+        QUICKSTACK_ACTION_MODE: ${{ inputs.mode }}
+        QUICKSTACK_ARTIFACT_INDEX: ${{ inputs.artifact-index }}
       run: node "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/deploy.mjs"

.gitea/actions/quickstack-oci/deploy.mjs

@@ -541,6 +541,27 @@ export function resolvePullRequestHeadBranch({ environment = process.env, eventP
   return requiredString(payload?.pull_request?.head?.ref, "Pull request head branch");
 }
 
+export function isSameRepositoryPullRequest({ eventName, environment = process.env, eventPayload } = {}) {
+  if (eventName !== "pull_request") return false;
+
+  let payload = eventPayload;
+  if (payload === undefined) {
+    const eventPath = String(environment.GITHUB_EVENT_PATH || environment.GITEA_EVENT_PATH || "").trim();
+    if (eventPath) {
+      payload = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(eventPath, "utf8"));
+    }
+  }
+  const baseRepository = String(
+    environment.GITHUB_REPOSITORY ||
+      environment.GITEA_REPOSITORY ||
+      payload?.repository?.full_name ||
+      payload?.pull_request?.base?.repo?.full_name ||
+      "",
+  ).trim();
+  const headRepository = String(payload?.pull_request?.head?.repo?.full_name || "").trim();
+  return Boolean(baseRepository && headRepository && baseRepository === headRepository);
+}
+
 export function classifyVersion2Execution(pipeline, eventName) {
   if (eventName === "pull_request") {
     return pipeline.strategy === "promote" ? "validate-candidate" : "build-validation";
@@ -548,6 +569,22 @@ export function classifyVersion2Execution(pipeline, eventName) {
   return pipeline.strategy === "candidate" ? "build-deploy" : "promote";
 }
 
+export function resolveActionMode(value = "all") {
+  const mode = String(value || "all").trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!new Set(["all", "build", "coordinate"]).has(mode)) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported QuickStack action mode ${mode}.`);
+  }
+  return mode;
+}
+
+export function resolveArtifactIndex(value = "0") {
+  const index = Number(value);
+  if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+    throw new Error("QuickStack artifact index must be a non-negative integer.");
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
 export function validatePromotionPullRequestSource(pipeline, headBranch) {
   const sourceBranch = requiredString(pipeline.source?.branch, "Promotion source branch");
   const actualHeadBranch = requiredString(headBranch, "Pull request head branch");
@@ -570,6 +607,24 @@ function dockerLogin(registry, dockerEnv) {
   );
 }
 
+function ensureBuildxBuilder(dockerEnv) {
+  const builder = "quickstack-registry-cache";
+  const existing = spawnSync(
+    "docker",
+    ["buildx", "inspect", builder],
+    { env: dockerEnv, encoding: "utf8", stdio: "ignore" },
+  );
+  if (existing.status !== 0) {
+    run(
+      "docker",
+      ["buildx", "create", "--name", builder, "--driver", "docker-container"],
+      { env: dockerEnv },
+    );
+  }
+  run("docker", ["buildx", "inspect", "--bootstrap", builder], { env: dockerEnv });
+  return builder;
+}
+
 function exactDigestFromPush(pushOutput, taggedImage) {
   const digest = [...pushOutput.matchAll(/digest:\s*(sha256:[0-9a-f]{64})/g)].at(-1)?.[1];
   if (!digest) throw new Error(`Registry did not return a digest for ${taggedImage}.`);
@@ -582,10 +637,20 @@ function verifyRequiredContainerFiles(taggedImage, requiredFiles, options) {
   }
 }
 
-function buildArtifact({ artifact, registry, sha, workspace, dockerEnv, validationOnly }) {
+function buildArtifact({
+  artifact,
+  registry,
+  sha,
+  workspace,
+  dockerEnv,
+  validationOnly,
+  useRegistryCache = !validationOnly,
+}) {
   const taggedImage = `${registry}/${artifact.image}:sha-${sha}`;
+  const cacheImage = `${registry}/${artifact.image}:buildcache`;
+  const builder = ensureBuildxBuilder(dockerEnv);
   const buildArgs = [
-    "build", "--progress=plain", "--file", artifact.dockerfile,
+    "buildx", "build", "--builder", builder, "--load", "--progress=plain", "--file", artifact.dockerfile,
     "--label", `org.opencontainers.image.source=${process.env.GITHUB_SERVER_URL ?? process.env.GITEA_SERVER_URL}/${process.env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY ?? process.env.GITEA_REPOSITORY}`,
     "--label", `org.opencontainers.image.revision=${sha}`,
     "--tag", taggedImage,
@@ -594,6 +659,17 @@ function buildArtifact({ artifact, registry, sha, workspace, dockerEnv, validati
     buildArgs.push("--build-arg", `${key}=${expandTokens(value, { sha })}`);
   }
   buildArgs.push(...resolveBuildSecretArguments(artifact.buildSecrets, dockerEnv));
+  if (useRegistryCache) {
+    buildArgs.push("--cache-from", `type=registry,ref=${cacheImage}`);
+    if (!validationOnly) {
+      buildArgs.push(
+        "--cache-to", `type=registry,ref=${cacheImage},mode=max,ignore-error=true`,
+      );
+      console.log(`Using read-write max-mode registry build cache ${cacheImage}.`);
+    } else {
+      console.log(`Using read-only registry build cache ${cacheImage}.`);
+    }
+  }
   buildArgs.push(artifact.context);
   console.log(`Building ${artifact.name} from ${artifact.dockerfile} as ${taggedImage}.`);
   run("docker", buildArgs, { cwd: workspace, env: dockerEnv });
@@ -658,33 +734,64 @@ function promoteArtifactAliases(artifacts, releaseTag, options) {
 }
 
 async function deployApplications({ applications, artifacts, sha, client }) {
-  for (const application of applications) {
-    const artifact = artifacts.get(application.artifact);
-    const environment = {
-      ...Object.fromEntries(
-        Object.entries(application.environment ?? {}).map(([key, value]) => [key, expandTokens(value, { sha })]),
-      ),
-      ...resolveSecretEnvironment(application.secretEnvironment),
-    };
-    const result = await deployExactImage({
-      client,
-      appId: application.appId,
-      image: artifact.exactImage,
-      registryUsername: process.env.REGISTRY_USERNAME,
-      registryToken: process.env.REGISTRY_TOKEN,
-      environment,
-      healthCheckTcpPort: application.healthCheckTcpPort,
-      postflight: application.postflight,
-      deploymentAttempts: application.deploymentAttempts,
-      deploymentRetrySeconds: application.deploymentRetrySeconds,
-      sha,
-    });
-    console.log(`Deployed ${application.name}: ${result.image}`);
-    appendSummary(`- ${application.name}: \`${result.image}\` (${result.status})`);
+  const pending = new Map(applications.map((application) => [application.name, application]));
+  const completed = new Set();
+
+  while (pending.size > 0) {
+    const wave = applications.filter(
+      (application) =>
+        pending.has(application.name) &&
+        application.dependsOn.every((dependency) => completed.has(dependency)),
+    );
+    if (wave.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Unable to resolve deployment dependencies for: ${[...pending.keys()].join(", ")}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    console.log(`Deploying application wave: ${wave.map((application) => application.name).join(", ")}.`);
+    await Promise.all(
+      wave.map(async (application) => {
+        const artifact = artifacts.get(application.artifact);
+        const environment = {
+          ...Object.fromEntries(
+            Object.entries(application.environment ?? {}).map(([key, value]) => [key, expandTokens(value, { sha })]),
+          ),
+          ...resolveSecretEnvironment(application.secretEnvironment),
+        };
+        const result = await deployExactImage({
+          client,
+          appId: application.appId,
+          image: artifact.exactImage,
+          registryUsername: process.env.REGISTRY_USERNAME,
+          registryToken: process.env.REGISTRY_TOKEN,
+          environment,
+          healthCheckTcpPort: application.healthCheckTcpPort,
+          postflight: application.postflight,
+          deploymentAttempts: application.deploymentAttempts,
+          deploymentRetrySeconds: application.deploymentRetrySeconds,
+          sha,
+        });
+        console.log(`Deployed ${application.name}: ${result.image}`);
+        appendSummary(`- ${application.name}: \`${result.image}\` (${result.status})`);
+      }),
+    );
+    for (const application of wave) {
+      pending.delete(application.name);
+      completed.add(application.name);
+    }
   }
 }
 
-async function executeVersion2({ config, pipeline, eventName, sha, workspace }) {
+async function executeVersion2({
+  config,
+  pipeline,
+  eventName,
+  sha,
+  workspace,
+  actionMode = "all",
+  artifactIndex = 0,
+}) {
   const commitMessage = run("git", ["log", "-1", "--pretty=%B"], { cwd: workspace, capture: true });
   const validationOnly = eventName === "pull_request";
   const skipMarker = pipeline.strategy === "promote"
@@ -696,10 +803,68 @@ async function executeVersion2({ config, pipeline, eventName, sha, workspace })
   }
   const registry = requiredString(config.registry ?? "gitea.nuvisphere.de", "OCI registry").replace(/\/$/, "");
   const dockerConfig = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "quickstack-docker-"));
-  const dockerEnv = { ...process.env, DOCKER_CONFIG: dockerConfig };
+  const dockerEnv = { ...process.env, DOCKER_CONFIG: dockerConfig, DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1" };
   const execution = classifyVersion2Execution(pipeline, eventName);
+  const useRegistryCache =
+    execution !== "build-validation" ||
+    isSameRepositoryPullRequest({ eventName, environment: process.env });
   try {
-    if (execution !== "build-validation") dockerLogin(registry, dockerEnv);
+    const needsRegistryLogin =
+      !(actionMode === "coordinate" && execution === "build-validation") &&
+      (execution !== "build-validation" || useRegistryCache);
+    if (needsRegistryLogin) dockerLogin(registry, dockerEnv);
+
+    if (actionMode === "build") {
+      if (execution !== "build-validation" && execution !== "build-deploy") {
+        console.log(`Artifact build slot ${artifactIndex} is not needed for ${execution}.`);
+        return;
+      }
+      const artifact = pipeline.artifacts[artifactIndex];
+      if (!artifact) {
+        console.log(`Artifact build slot ${artifactIndex} is unused for ${pipeline.name ?? pipeline.branch}.`);
+        return;
+      }
+      const built = buildArtifact({
+        artifact,
+        registry,
+        sha,
+        workspace,
+        dockerEnv,
+        validationOnly: execution === "build-validation",
+        useRegistryCache,
+      });
+      appendSummary(
+        execution === "build-validation"
+          ? `Validated OCI artifact \`${artifact.name}\` for \`${pipeline.branch}\`.`
+          : `Built OCI artifact \`${artifact.name}\`: \`${built.exactImage}\`.`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (actionMode === "coordinate" && execution === "build-validation") {
+      appendSummary(`Validated ${pipeline.artifacts.length} immutable OCI artifact build(s) for \`${pipeline.branch}\`.`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (actionMode === "coordinate" && execution === "build-deploy") {
+      const artifacts = new Map();
+      for (const artifact of pipeline.artifacts) {
+        artifacts.set(artifact.name, pullCandidateArtifact({
+          artifact,
+          registry,
+          sourceSha: sha,
+          workspace,
+          dockerEnv,
+        }));
+      }
+      const client = createQuickStackClient({
+        baseUrl: process.env.QUICKSTACK_BASE_URL,
+        token: process.env.QUICKSTACK_API_TOKEN,
+      });
+      await deployApplications({ applications: pipeline.applications, artifacts, sha, client });
+      return;
+    }
+
     if (execution === "build-validation" || execution === "build-deploy") {
       const artifacts = new Map();
       for (const artifact of pipeline.artifacts) {
@@ -710,6 +875,7 @@ async function executeVersion2({ config, pipeline, eventName, sha, workspace })
           workspace,
           dockerEnv,
           validationOnly: execution === "build-validation",
+          useRegistryCache,
         }));
       }
       if (execution === "build-validation") {
@@ -789,6 +955,8 @@ async function main() {
   const config = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(configPath, "utf8"));
   const eventName = process.env.GITHUB_EVENT_NAME ?? process.env.GITEA_EVENT_NAME ?? "";
   const branch = resolveDeploymentBranch({ eventName });
+  const actionMode = resolveActionMode(process.env.QUICKSTACK_ACTION_MODE);
+  const artifactIndex = resolveArtifactIndex(process.env.QUICKSTACK_ARTIFACT_INDEX);
   if (config.version === 2) {
     const pipeline = validateVersion2Pipeline(config, branch);
     if (!pipeline) {
@@ -797,7 +965,19 @@ async function main() {
     }
     const sha = requiredString(process.env.GITHUB_SHA ?? process.env.GITEA_SHA, "Git SHA").toLowerCase();
     if (!/^[0-9a-f]{40,64}$/.test(sha)) throw new Error("Git SHA must be a full hexadecimal commit ID.");
-    await executeVersion2({ config, pipeline, eventName, sha, workspace });
+    await executeVersion2({
+      config,
+      pipeline,
+      eventName,
+      sha,
+      workspace,
+      actionMode,
+      artifactIndex,
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (actionMode === "build") {
+    console.log("Manifest version 1 remains on the coordinator's serial compatibility path.");
     return;
   }
   const deployment = selectDeployment(config, branch);

.gitea/actions/quickstack-oci/deploy.test.mjs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
   deployExactImage,
   expandTokens,
   mergeEnvironment,
+  resolveActionMode,
+  resolveArtifactIndex,
   resolveBuildSecretArguments,
   resolveSecretEnvironment,
   orderApplications,
@@ -100,6 +102,16 @@ test("production pull requests validate tested candidates without rebuilding", (
   );
 });
 
+test("validates split action modes and artifact build slots", () => {
+  assert.equal(resolveActionMode(undefined), "all");
+  assert.equal(resolveActionMode("BUILD"), "build");
+  assert.equal(resolveActionMode("coordinate"), "coordinate");
+  assert.throws(() => resolveActionMode("parallel"), /Unsupported QuickStack action mode/);
+  assert.equal(resolveArtifactIndex("2"), 2);
+  assert.throws(() => resolveArtifactIndex("-1"), /non-negative integer/);
+  assert.throws(() => resolveArtifactIndex("1.5"), /non-negative integer/);
+});
+
 test("validates OCI paths and repository-local build paths", () => {
   assert.equal(validateTarget({ name: "Web", image: "Owner/Web", appId: "app-1" }).image, "owner/web");
   assert.throws(() => validateTarget({ name: "Web", image: "owner/web", appId: "app-1", context: "../secret" }), /inside/);

README.md

@@ -97,3 +97,11 @@ the command line as build arguments. The Dockerfile consumes them with
 `RUN --mount=type=secret,id=<id>,required=true ...`.
 
 Candidate pipelines build every artifact once, push `sha-<commit>`, resolve the registry digest and deploy applications in dependency order. A pull request into a promotion branch must originate from `source.branch`; it pulls and verifies the already tested `sha-<commit>` candidates without rebuilding or deploying them. Promotion pushes require a merge parent with an identical Git tree, pull the existing candidate, verify required container files, add the SemVer alias, deploy the exact digests, create the immutable tag and publish the canonical Gitea release. Tag creation does not trigger another scoped pipeline because the workflow listens only to branch pushes.
+
+Scoped workflows can distribute version 2 artifact builds across independent
+runner jobs by invoking the action with `mode: build` and a zero-based
+`artifact-index`. A final job invokes `mode: coordinate` after all build jobs.
+Candidate tags are the synchronization boundary, so exact digests never depend
+on matrix output merging. Published candidates also maintain a per-image
+`buildcache` tag with inline BuildKit metadata for ephemeral runners. Version 1
+manifests remain on the serial coordinator compatibility path.